Level 2 FreeFlyer Certification Exam Part C

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Maneuvering and Targeting

1. Through which command are ThrustEvent objects applied to a Spacecraft?

Burn
Maneuver
Impulse
Adjust

2. Which information is not contained in a maneuver report?

Pre- and post-maneuver state information
Direction and duration of the burn
Type of propellant used
Amount of fuel used

3. Which is not a valid type of ThrustEvent object?

SpecificBurn
ImpulsiveBurn
FiniteBurn
OutgassingEvent

4. Why might you use an ImpulsiveBurn?

To model a complex burn using additional hardware
To model an instantaneous burn without additional hardware
To model a burn without mass depletion
None of the above

5. Which type of ThrustEvent object is intended to model unintentional accelerations?

ImpulsiveBurn
FiniteBurn
OutgassingEvent
SpecificBurn

6. Which of the following reference frames can be used for a maneuver?

VNB
MJ2000
LVLH
All of the above

7. Which of the following is not a valid type of Tank?

SphericalTank
BaffledTank
InterpolatedTank
ElectricalTank

8. How is a Tank object's mass adjusted during a FiniteBurn?

Integrating the mass depletion equation
Reducing mass linearly over the burn
Using up a user-specified, fixed amount of mass
Calculating the adjustment from the ideal gas law

9. Which object type exists purely to connect multiple Tank objects to a Thruster object?

Mixer
Connector
Valve
None of the above

10. Which of the following is a unique feature of the FiniteBurn compared to other ThrustEvent objects?

It requires hardware
It supports the RIC attitude reference frame
It's maneuvered over a non-zero amount of time
None of the above

11. How is tank pressure adjusted during a Finite burn?

It is held constant
It must be manually adjusted by the user
It is adjusted automatically following the ideal gas law
It is adjusted through the Tank.Repressurize() method

12. Which combination of Tank properties are used to calculate how full the Tank is?

TankVolume, TankFuelDensity, TankMass
TankPressure, TankFuelDensity, TankMass
TankVolume, TankFuelDensity, TankPressure
TankVolume, TankFuelDensity, TankTemperature

13. T/F - Drag force is dependent on the mass through the ballistic coefficient?

True
False

14. Which types of thrusters can be used with a SphericalTank and/or an InterpoatledTank?

Chemical
Electrical
Interpolated
Spherical

15. Which command is not used in a Targeting loop?

Vary
Iterate
Adjust
Achieve

16. Which object is used to adjust input properties of a Targeting loop?

DifferentialAdjuster
DifferentialCorrector
InputAdjuster
InputCorrector

17. Which syntax correctly bounds a Vary parameter?

within <x1, x2>
within (x1, x2)
inside <x1, x2>
inside (x1, x2)

18. What command is needed to reset object properties at the start of each Targeting iteration?

Reset
Restore
Iterate
Repeat

19. Which of the following commands uses correct syntax to achieve a value of 10 within 2 for the variable ‘X’?

Achieve x == 10 +/- 2
Achieve x = 10 +/- 2
Achieve 10 +/- 2
Achieve x within <8,12>

20. A differential corrector object may be used to control which of the following properties of a Targeting loop?

Targeting method
Max iterations
Parameter(s) to vary
Achieve target/tolerance

21. T/F - The number of Vary parameters must match the number of Achieve parameters.

True
False

22. For a non-converging Targeting loop, which of the following does not troubleshoot the issue?

Change seed values
Change Achieve tolerance
Change number of Vary/Achieve parameters
Change step size

Electric Propulsion Short Mission Plan

Design a Mission Plan that uses an electrical thruster to provide a 2 day burn in the orbit velocity direction to raise the semimajor axis of a Spacecraft's orbit. The Electric Thruster provides 0.1 N force and an Isp of 4000 sec. Create an “ElectricalMicrothrusterBurn.txt" file and update the file while the Spacecraft is maneuvering.

Framework
Spacecraft Spacecraft1;
FiniteBurn FiniteBurn1;
ElectricalTank ElectricTank;

Thruster ElecThruster;
Attach ElectricTank to Spacecraft1;
Attach ElecThruster to Spacecraft1;
Attach ElectricTank to ElecThruster;
ElecThruster.Type = "Electrical";
ElectricTank.TankMass = 2;


// Perform Manuever
WhileManeuvering Spacecraft1 using FiniteBurn1 generating "ElectricalMicrothrusterBurn.txt";

        View Spacecraft1;
End;

1. How much fuel was necessary for the burn?

1002.00 kg
.00299 kg
0.4403 kg
147.9 g

2. How many burns of the same duration could the Spacecraft perform before running out of fuel?

4
1
5
6

3. What is the computed ∆v ?

17.249 m/s
18.123 m/s
14.294 m/s
1.238 m/s

4. What is the new SMA (Keplerian) after the maneuver?

7019.235 km
7402.425 km
7120.590 km
7150.209 km

5. Change the ISP to 1000 seconds, how much more fuel is required for the same burn?

~1.13 kg
~2.50 kg
~1.50 kg
~1.32 kg

Impulsive Burn Short Mission Plan

Design a Mission Plan that compares ImpulsiveBurns in two different attitude reference frames. Start by configuring a default Spacecraft, changing the Attitude Reference Frame to VNB and renaming the Spacecraft “VNB”. Clone the “VNB” Spacecraft, rename the object “UVW” and change the Attitude Reference Frame to “UVW”.

Framework
ImpulsiveBurn VNBBurn;
ImpulsiveBurn UVWBurn;

// VNB
VNBBurn.AttitudeSystem = 1;
VNBBurn.BurnDirection = {0,1,0};

// UVW
UVWBurn.AttitudeSystem = 5;
UVWBurn.BurnDirection = {0,0,1};

Maneuver VNB using VNBBurn generating "VNBImpulsiveBurn.txt";
Maneuver UVW using UVWBurn generating "UVWImpulsiveBurn.txt";

While (VNB.ElapsedTime <= TIMESPAN ( 1 days)); 
        Step VNB; 
        Step UVW to (VNB.Epoch==UVW.Epoch); 
        // Add output 
End;

1. Why is the post maneuver state the same for the VNB and UVW Spacecraft?

Both burns are being applied in the velocity direction
Both burns are being applied in the bi-normal direction
Both burns are being applied in the orbit normal direction
Both burns are being applied in the negative orbit normal direction

2. Which of the following BurnDirection Arrays increases the semi-major axis for the UVW Spacecraft? (If applicable, select multiple answers to fulfill the correct response)

{0,1,0}
{1,0,1}
{1,0,0}
{0,1,1}

Change the VNB and UVW BurnDirection properties in the following way:

// VNB
VNBBurn.BurnDirection = {0,1,0};

// UVW
UVWBurn.BurnDirection = {0,1,0};

3. In what direction are the burns being applied in the VNB and UVW frames respectively?

VNB: Velocity | UVW: Vector perpendicular to the X and Z-axes
VNB: Orbit Normal | UVW: Vector perpendicular to the X and Z-axes
VNB: Bi-Normal | UVW: Vector pointing in the direction of the Spacecraft’s position vector
VNB: Orbit Normal | UVW: Along the angular momentum vector

Report the final height for both the VNB and UVW Spacecraft.

4. What is the post-maneuver height of the VNB Spacecraft?

840 km
940 km
815 km
890 km

5. What is the post-maneuver height of the UVW Spacecraft?

2600 km
2575 km
2550 km
2675 km

Target SMA Raise Short Mission Plan

Design a Mission Plan that Targets raising a Spacecraft’s semi-major axis to 7500 km using a FiniteBurn along the velocity vector.

Framework
Spacecraft Spacecraft1;
FiniteBurn FiniteBurn1;

InterpolatedTank InterpolatedTank1;
Thruster ChemThruster;
ChemThruster.Type = "Chemical";
ChemThruster.ThrusterC1 = 444.8; // Thrust (N)
ChemThruster.ThrusterK1 = 300; // Isp (sec)

// Attach hardware to the Spacecraft

Target;

        // Reset the Spacecraft at every iteration of the loop
        // Use the FiniteBurn.BurnDuration property as the Vary parameter
        // Maneuver the Spacecraft using the FiniteBurn
        // Achieve a SMA of 7500 km within 1 km tolerance

End;

Maneuver Spacecraft1 using FiniteBurn1 generating 'ManeuverReport.txt';

1. How many iterations did it take the Targeter to converge on a solution?

1
5
2
4

2. What property could you use to determine the Varied parameter’s current value inside your Targeting loop?

DifferentialCorrector.Vary
DifferentialCorrector.VaryInitial
DifferentialCorrector.VaryFinal
DifferentialCorrector.VaryCurrent

3. What is the final burn duration required to Achieve the desired semi-major axis?

541 seconds
533 seconds
561 seconds
547 seconds

4. What is the Spacecraft’s pre-maneuver mass?

1111 kg
1118 kg
1123 kg
1142 kg

5. What is the Spacecraft’s post-maneuver mass?

1036 kg
1049 kg
1025 kg
1040 kg

6. What is the computed ∆v of the burn?

225 m/s
210 m/s
230 m/s
235 m/s

Two Level Targeter Short Mission Plan

Design a Mission Plan that uses a two level targeter to raise the Spacecraft's semi-major axis to 6750 km and re-circularizes the orbit (i.e., Spacecraft1.E <= 0.0001) if the Spacecraft's height falls below 350 km during its 1000-day propagation.

Framework
Spacecraft Spacecraft1;
ImpulsiveBurn apogeeRaise;
ImpulsiveBurn recircularize;
Variable TargetApogee = 6750;

// Spacecraft Orbit Definition
Spacecraft1.SetKeplerianState({TargetApogee, 0.0001, 35, 0, 0 ,0});

// Set AttitudeSystem for both ImpulsiveBurns to VNB
While (Spacecraft1.ElapsedTime < TIMESPAN(1000 days)); 

        Step Spacecraft1; 

        // Minimize Plot to speed up execution 
        Plot Spacecraft1.ElapsedTime, Spacecraft1.Apogee; 
        
        // Target & execute 2 burns if Height falls to 350 km 
        If (Spacecraft1.Height <=350); 
        
        // Step the Spacecraft to perigee

        Target;

        // Reset the Spacecraft at every iteration of the loop
        // Use the apogeeRaise.BurnDirection[0] property as the Vary parameter
        // Maneuver the Spacecraft using the apogeeRaise
        // Achieve the TargetApogee within 1 km

        End;


        // Report out the Spacecraft's Epoch, Spacecraft's Mass, and the apogeeRaise BurnDirection
                                                
        // Step the Spacecraft to apogee


        Target;

        // Reset the Spacecraft at every iteration of the loop
        // Use the recircularize.BurnDirection[0] property as the Vary parameter and include a constraint to keep the burn within 0 to 0.01
        // Maneuver the Spacecraft using the recircularize
        // Achieve an eccentricity of 0.0001 within 0.00001  
      
        End;
                
        // Report out the Spacecraft's Epoch, Spacecraft's Mass, and the recircularize BurnDirection
                        
        End;
                                
End;

1. What is the Spacecraft’s final mass after the 1000-day propagation?

1010 kg
985 kg
995 kg
997 kg

2. On what day did the largest burn occur?

August 5, 2021
September 11, 2020
February 24, 2021
April 13, 2021

3. How many maneuvers did the Spacecraft make during the 1000-day propagation?

6
2
4
8

Add Variables outside the propagation loop to answer the following two questions.

4. How much more fuel (cumulative) is used for the recircularization burns than the apogee raising burns?

0.237 kg
0.575 kg
0.753 kg
1.935 kg

5. What was the total ∆v for all burns combined?

0.0096 km/s
0.190 km/s
0.906 km/s
0.596 km/s

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